Installing Traefik on Linux

Docker Setup

Firewall limitations:

Warning

Before you install Docker, make sure you consider the following security implications and firewall incompatibilities.
If you use ufw or firewalld to manage firewall settings, be aware that when you expose container ports using Docker, these ports bypass your firewall rules. For more information, refer to Docker and ufw.
Docker is only compatible with iptables-nft and iptables-legacy. Firewall rules created with nft are not supported on a system with Docker installed. Make sure that any firewall rulesets you use are created with iptables or ip6tables, and that you add them to the DOCKER-USER chain, see Packet filtering and firewalls.

Intallation (Debian)

# Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
echo \
  "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc] https://download.docker.com/linux/debian \
  $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME") stable" | \
  sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# Update apt database
sudo apt update

# Install docker and other goodies
sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Verify that the installation is successful by running the hello-world image:

sudo docker run hello-world

Traefik

Create a directory for traefik.

mkdir traefik
cd traefik

Create a new bridge network to have docker’s dns resolution. (Here named docbridge)

sudo docker network create docbridge

Create a docker-compose.yml file with the following content:

vim docker-compose.yml

Put the following config:

---
services:

  traefik:
    image: "traefik:v3.2.1"
    container_name: "traefik"
    ports:
      - "80:80"
      - "443:443"
      - "8080:8080"
    volumes:
      - "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock:ro"
      - "./config/traefik.yml:/etc/traefik/traefik.yml:ro"
      - "./config/conf:/etc/traefik/conf:ro"
    networks:
      - docbridge
    restart: unless-stopped
  
networks:
  docbridge:
    external: true

Create traefik.yml config file in the config directory for traefik docker container.

mkdir config

vim config/traefik.yml

Put the following config:

global:
  checkNewVersion: false
  sendAnonymousUsage: false
log:
  level: DEBUG
api:
  dashboard: true
  insecure: true
entryPoints:
  web:
    address: :80
  websecure:
    address: :443
providers:
  file:
    directory: "/etc/traefik/conf"
    watch: true

Set Traefik Router rules

mkdir -p config/conf

vim config/conf/routes.yml

Put the following config

---
http:
  routers:
    nginx-http:
      rule: HostRegexp(`nginx`)
      service: service-1
      entryPoints: 
        - web
  services:
    service-1:
      loadBalancer:
        servers:
          - url: "http://nginx"

Note: For “url” we have provided the nginx container name which is “nginx”. That is because nginx in this set-up is running as a docker container. And the Docker bridge networks have internal DNS resolution built-in by Docker. That’s why it is possible to point to nginx by simply using the container name, “nginx” but we have to provide the protocol here which is “http://”. For the “url” We can also use “domain”, “IP” and “IP:Port”. For example, http://127.0.0.1:8080 or http://localhost:8000 or simply https://example.com and so on.

Setup demo docker containers (Nginx)

Create a directory for nginx’s docker container and a docker-compose.yml file.

mkdir nginx

vim nginx/docker-compose.yml

Put the following config inside the docker-compose.yml.

---
services:
  nginx:
    image: "nginx:latest"
    container_name: "nginx_demo"
    restart: unless-stopped
    networks:
      - docbridge

networks:
  docbridge:
    external: true

Deploy docker containers

We can deploy a docker container by going to the root directory of a container’s docker files (where docker-compose.yml lives). We can run the container in detach mode by providing the -d flag. Otherwise, it will run in foreground and we can see the logs live.

cd nginx

sudo docker compose up -d

Deploy the Traefik container and put it to detach mode:

cd traefik

sudo docker compose up -d

If a docker container is running on foreground (without -d). Then we can put the container down with:

sudo docker compose down <container_name|container_ID|etc>

sudo docker compose down nginx

Or, if a container is running in the background (with -d). Then we can put the container down by simply pressing CTRL+C.

Done!